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Last updated: 07 Nov : 06:52 Details |
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Cyber Communities of Bangladesh |
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Cyber Communities of Bangladesh
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Mustafa Jabbar Friday 06 May 2005
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1. Internet in Bangladesh
Pradesta Ltd. started providing offline email services since 11 November, 1993 1 Drik, a local NGO, having its head office at Dhaka started establishing an offline e-mail system in 1994 2.
In fact demand for a fast data transfer infrastructure was very high since 1992. CITech Co. Ltd. & CIPROCO Computers of Dhaka got some data entry jobs from the overseas 3. They had to have a very high speed communication system to upload and download data. They were aware that a cable line is not available and the available technology was the installation of VSAT network. They approached the govt. to have permission to setup a VSAT. But that did not come into being as Govt. of Bangladesh did not respond. Around the same time Govt. of Bangladesh was approached to be connected with a submarine cable line passing through the Bay of Bengal. But the Govt. refused to join the Cable Consortium on the ground of state security problems. Perhaps that was the worst setback in the field of communication and IT in recent history of Bangladesh.
Even after more than a decade, the submarine cable network is yet to connect Bangladesh. Govt. had floated tender to establish a submarine cable line to connect Bangladesh & Singapore. But later, they thought to join a consortium. It is assumed that the sub marine connectivity will be available by the middle of 2005. This consortium is known as SEA-ME-WE4. It has 22 countries as members of the consortium. On 8th September 2003, its tender bid has been centrally opened at Rome. On 11th September 2003, tender documents were opened at Dhaka also. Companies like Lucent Technologies, NEC, NORTEL, TYCO, NSW, FUJITSU, MITSUBISHI, and Siemens have participated in the bid. After scrutinizing the bids, contract is being awarded in 2004. In April 2005 the laying down work of the cable line was being done and the 28 KM connecting loop cable line from Coxsbazar to the deep sea was also being layed. It is expected that the proposed submarine cable line network will increase the access capability of Internet in Bangladesh. It is also expected that with the commissioning of this cable line, the cost of bandwidth will come down dramatically. The submarine cable line will go by the pass of Cox'sbazar of Bangladesh. It will have a 22000 Kilometer length and the landing station of Bangladesh will be at Cox'sbazar. Cost of the total project for Bangladesh is estimated to be Taka 3000 million 4. However the fiber optic cable line to connect Chittagong with Coxsbazar is yet to be finalized. Without this cable connection whole country except Coxsbazar will not be able to be connected with the SEA-ME-WE4. On the other hand policy of utilization of the fiber optics backbone is yet to be formulated.
In the early nineties, there were several companies trying to get license for setting up of ISPs. But response from the Govt. was not positive until late 1995, when the Govt. invited applications to subscribe the VSAT data circuits 5 A few applications were received. But BTTB, the state owned Telecom Service Provider was reluctant to issue licenses.
The issue was very hot after the change of Govt. in 1996. In a meeting organized by the FBCCI (Federation of Bangladesh Chamber of Commerce and Industries), President of Bangladesh Computer Samity (writer himself) raised the issue to the advisor in charge of telecommunication Mr. Monjur Elahi. Mr. Elahi was a businessman and was very much open to the private sector. He knew that the telecom sector was under the state monopoly as the bureaucrats were not willing to open up. They wanted to keep control over everything and private sectors were not trusted. BCS President was demanding in that meeting to the advisor that the permission for setting up of ISPs should immediately be given. He informed the advisor that the govt. is neither providing Internet Service nor giving permission to the private sector to setup VSATs. "Govt. is emphasizing on the development of IT sector but reluctant to do anything for it."- BCS President said. His demand was supported by the President of FBCCI and other business leaders. Mr. Monjur Elahi listened to the demand and promised that he will do everything possible to open the ISP sector to the private Companies.
Mr. Manjur Elahi raised the issue to the small cabinet of the caretaker Govt. of Justice Habibur Rahman. It was approved by the cabinet. Other two advisors who were also supporting Mr. Elahi were Dr. Mohd. Younus (Chief of Grameen Bank) and Dr. Jamilur Reza Chowdhury (Presently VC of BRAC University). The first organization to get license to establish an ISP was ISN (Information Services Network-www.bangla.net).They set up a VSAT on June 4, 1966 and installed necessary machineries including the Internet Server and offered Internet services to the public through a dial-up network. It was the beginning of a revolution in Bangladesh towards the digital age of twenty first century.
2.2 Internet infrastructure
Though ISN was the first company to setup an ISP in Bangladesh, there were more companies in the pipeline to follow the path of ISN. The Govt. of Justice Habibur Rahman allowed a dozen of companies to become ISPs. Companies like Grameen Cybernet (www.citechco.net), ProshikaNet (www.bdonline.com) was created by two major NGOs of the country-namely Grameen (www.grameen.com) and Proshika (www.bdonline.com). Both of them are major players in the ISP business now. Initially all the ISPs were very successful. They got a good number of clients at the very beginning. Though the charges were high, yet people were welcoming the ISPs as it was cheaper, better, faster & appropriate than the traditional method of communication. It was a great relief for the business people to have such a cheap communication tool. They were finding that their international counterparts were using e-mail for their communication. They were also amazed with the online browsing facilities provided by the new ISPs. ProdestaNet and Drik were confined to a limited number of customers with the e-mail services only. But ISN, Grameen and Proshika opened up the door to the masses with online Internet. Initially they were charging around US Dollar 50 as a setup cost. The usage charges were taka 2.50 (about 6 US Cents) per minute. But now no ISPs charge any installation/registration fee. The usage charges also came down to around 20 to 50 paisa per minute.
However the Internet services were confined to the Dhaka City only for around two years. None of the private operators were thinking of going to other cities and the semi-urban areas. Even the largest port city of Chittagong, the second biggest city of Bangladesh could not get an ISP until some local business people took initiative to setup a network named SpectraNet. Subsequently ISN set up an ISP service at Khulna, the second port city at the south. Grameen established three Cyber Kiosks, one each at Sorishabarhi, Modhupur and Mirzapur.
Sorishabarhi setup was established with mobile phone network. Modhupur is having a dialup connection by BRTA phone line. On the other hand Mirzapur got a Radio Link network. But it was the public sector operator BTTB who took internet to the rural-semi urban areas of Bangladesh. They started at Dhaka first, but now provide ISP services to all the 64 districts of Bangladesh 7. BTTB also claim that they have some facilities in some Upazillas. It is promised that BTTB will connect all the 484 Upazillas of the country within next two years. They are in fact using their own landline telephone exchanges to spread Internet all over the country.
Interestingly BTTB has opened the Internet facilities to the whole country, where there is a BTTB phone service. Presently they have their DDN exchanges at Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi, Khulna, Barisal, Bogra, Comilla, Jessore, Rangpur and Gazipur. People at these places can directly dial BTTB’s ISP servers located there and get connected to the Internet. On the other hand people from other places of the country can directly dial Dhaka Server of BTTB and get connected to the Internet. Fortunately BTTB’s dialup charges are free from multimeter and on local call basis. Apart from their own arrangements, BTTB has also opened the multimeter free door to all the ISPs of the country.
Now BTTB has a multimeter billing system for the fixed phone services. Every phone call of 5 minutes is a billing unit. But they have relaxed the billing system for the Internet. They have given a code number to every ISP. All Internet users are allowed to have a single call charge even if the call time exceeds multi-metering time limit of 5 minutes provided they make the call to the ISPs coded phones. These facilities are given to the local calls.
BTTB can extend the facility to the NWD calls and that can change the whole scenario of Internet in Bangladesh. We have found that the Internet users of Modhupur are not browsing Internet for NWD call charges. On the other hand Internet usage is many folds higher at Mirzapur as they do not have to pay NWD phone call charges.
Mobile Internet has also been setup in Bangladesh. GrameenPhone, the largest mobile phone operator has already introduced WAP services. BDCom a local ISP has got WAP internet services. WAP has not been popular as the charges are very high compared to the landline. Above all SMS and MMS are more popular to the mobile users. Grameen already established a Village Computer and Internet Centre at Sorishabarhi with its own mobile network. It has also promised to provide mobile link to the schools where govt. will be providing Computers 8.
As Bangladesh is not connected with cable lines to the world, ISPs now use only VSATs to be connected with the rest of the world. There are a lot of organization in the private sector who have got their own VSATs. But there are some organizations, which get leased lines from the VSAT owners and provide Internet services.
Presently major city dwellers get Internet services at around .20 paisa to 1 taka per minute. However some prepaid services are charged as low as 40 poises per minute.
Mr. Habibullah N. Karim, ex President of BASIS is of the opinion that the charges for Internet in Bangladesh are very high compared to the income 9. He believes that the rates should be around 5 paisa per minute. Though charges for unlimited use of Internet per month has come down to taka 1000/00, Mr. Karim says that there should be at least ten times lower than what it is now. He says that the development of the software industry has suffered a lot due to the heavy charges of Internet and the slow speed of it.
Some of the ISPs are habituated in describing a cable/wire line network as Broadband Internet. On the other hand dial-up connections are termed us Narrowband connections. Unfortunately general experience of the people with Broadband is not good. There are complains of lower speed and higher charges.
Mr. Akteruzzaman Manju, President ISPAB is also critical about the charges for the bandwidth. He says that the ISPs are not capable of reducing the charges due to the higher cost of bandwidth. He thinks that having a submarine cable connection will solve the problem.
1.2 Usage of Internet & Software Packages
Internet users normally use Internet services for Web Browsing and e-mail transactions. Some people are involved in ftp download, messaging and chat. We have found Internet Explorer and Netscape Communicator to be the most popular software packages being used by the people. Netscape is being used for both browsing and e-mal. Internet Explorer is the most popular browsing tool. However Outlook Express, Eudora are the most widely used software packages for e-mail. MSN and Yahoo messengers are being used for messaging services. Yahoo and Google are the most widely used search engines.
Bangladesh has entered into the content development business. There are a few Web sites being developed. FrontPage, Flash, DreamWeaver, Java are used for creating Web pages. However Photoshop, Illustrator are used for Graphics design. Premier is used for video editing. 3D Studio Max and Maya are used for 3D Animation. There are a few institutes where training courses for Web Design and content development are offered. Ananda Multimedia, HiTech Professionals are two local major institutes. Aptech from India also provides courses on Web Design and Content creations.
Until very recent days people used to register their domain names in the US. But BTTB, the state owned ISP now allows people to register their domain names and use .bd extension in their names.
Languages used by the content developers are mostly English. But effort to have Bangla (national language) is also growing.
1.3 Present position of Internet in Bangladesh
As of Sept 30th, 2002, the position of Internet in Bangladesh is as follows:
a) Users of the private sector Internet Service Providers
Registered Dial-Up user accounts: 120,000 , Broadband (Radio, Cable, XDSL) accounts: 5,000
Cyber Café Users: 6,000 10
b) Users of the Public Sector Internet Service Provider
BTTB – Dial-Up user accounts 8,500. BTTB is now offering its service in 50 districts out of 64. 11
Prior to the formation of BTRC (Bangladesh Telephone Regulatory Commission), Total Number of ISP’s in the country was: 130, Operational around 60, rest inactive. 13, Highest Bandwidth available now 10 mbps -Total number of Internet User in all sectors about : 500,000, Internet Access Charges went down to .20 paisa/min (2 am –8am), Tk 1000 for Unlimited Access, Broadband-64kbs Tk 10,000/month, 128kbs Tk 15,000/month, 512 Kbps Tk 50,000/month 14
1.4 Charges to setup an ISP
Bangladesh Telecom Regulatory Commission has fixed up the rates for ISP licenses. A circular issued by the BTRC commission on 30-12-2002 has fixed the setup charges for Internet Services 19. It may be mentioned here that BTRC has been established by an act of the parliament named Bangladesh Telecommunication Act 2001 (Act no 18 of 2001). It is alleged that the license fees are also very high.
There are a few categories of Licenses issued to the applicants to setup an ISP.
First category is the Licenses for the major cities namely Dhaka, Chittagong or Sylhet. License fees for this category is Taka 2 Lac (Taka 2,00,00.00) with a renewal fee of Taka 1 Lac (Taka 1,00,000.00) per year. Apart from the License fees, there is a bandwidth fee on the basis of the bandwidth used by the operator. Annual bandwidth fee for 128kbps is Taka 30,000. The fee is Taka 50,000 for 512kbps and 100000 for 512kbps.
In district towns other than the above 3 cities, the license fee is Taka 1 lac (1,00,000.00) and the renewal fee is Taka 50,000 per year. Bandwidth fees remains the same in every case except the rural areas. A nationwide license is issued for Taka 5 Lac (Taka 5,00,000.00) which can be renewed at Taka 3 Lac (3,00,000). ISN, the first ISP of Bangladesh holds a nationwide license and operates in Dhaka and Khulna. Other ISPs are said to have regional licenses.
However license fee at the semi urban and rural areas are absolutely low. There is a license and renewal fee of taka 1000.00 only in those areas. There is no bandwidth fee also. In major cities and district towns Cyber Cafes need to have licenses. But in the semi urban and rural areas no license fees are required to setup a Cyber Cafe. Mr. Margub Murshed, ex Chairman BTRC told me that he was considering revising the License fees and it might be lower in the urban areas too. He informed us that the govt. has decided to issue licenses to operate VOIP. A policy guideline is under preparation in this regard.
1.5 ISP Association of Bangladesh
Internet Service Providers of Bangladesh have an Association which has 36 members as of 28th August 2003. This Association plays a very vital role in not only serving their members; they also guide the govt. in formulating Internet policies. By representing the private sector ISPs, they negotiate with the govt. about the rates and procedure of issuance of licenses for setting up of ISPs. They also resolve matters being disputed among the members. Presently the Association is headed by Mr. Akteruzzaman Monjo, who is also a Director of FBCCI.
1.6 ISP Licensees in Bangladesh
ISP licenses are issued by the Bangladesh Telecom Regulatory Commission. Licenses are being issued for use at Dhaka, Chittagong, Sylhet, Moulavibazar, Rangpur & Khulna. But there are some licensees who also operate with nationwide licenses.
As per the list provided by the BTRC there are 65 licenses at Dhaka, 17 licensees at Chittagong, 9 Licensees at Sylhet, 3 at Moulavibazar, 2 at Khulna and 2 at Rangpur. The total number of licenses issued by BTRC is 98 only.
However all the licensees are not active. 15
However a report published in the Daily Ittefaq on 28th September 2003 mentioned that the number of licensed private ISP is 185. The newspaper mentioned the source of BTRC and also claimed that only 62 private ISPs in the country are active. Another 123 ISPs are not active or their activities are not known to the govt. The newspaper also informed that the number of ISPs in Dhaka are 43 and the rest 19 are active outside Dhaka. 16
1.7 Internet for the Rural people
In reality none of the 68,000 villages of Bangladesh got any kind of Internet connection so far. Even e-mail (Offline or Online) services are not also available. Private sector companies are reluctant to go to even the semi-urban areas. Economic viability is a major factor for the private sector to expand Internet services to those areas. Public sector operator BTTB is looking mostly at the district towns. Though they have decided to go to the Upazilals, it might take more than two years to achieve that goal. However a govt. project to establish e-govt. might speed up the process.
Plan to connect all the Secondary Schools to the Internet within a very short time, is one of the two major projects of the Govt., which might take Internet to the villages as most of the Secondary Schools are located in the rural areas. But this project of the Ministry of Science and ICT is still in the planning stage. Govt.'s plan, (again by the same ministry) to connect all Ministries, Districts and Upazillas is another project which is also in the early stage of planning. This project is supposed to take Internet services to the villages.
Grameen Mobile Phone has recently declared that they will donate data card to those schools who will be receiving the computers from the govt. This might change the entire scenario of Internet usage in the rural area. 17
However nothing has happened in the positive direction so far.
On the other hand there are some semi-urban places like Districts and Upazillas where internet has reached. But it is almost a rich man's phenomenon.
First of all the poor people in the rural areas are not literate to use an all English based ICT system.
Secondly the technology has not reached them. They are not connected.
Thirdly Internet is very expensive. Most people of the rural areas can not afford to have a Computer. The question of having Internet is the next thing to think.
However we have found a few installations in the semi-urban areas which are generally involved in disseminating the concept. Grameen, a well-known NGO, ISP and Mobile phone operator has established three Internet Kiosks at Sorishabarhi, Modhupur and Mirzapur under Dhaka Division. Dhaka Division is the central administrative area out of six such areas of the country. However out of these three Kiosks, Sorishabarhi Centre is already closed and other two are active.
1.8 Grameen's initiative to take Internet to the rural areas.
It was Grameen Communications, an unit of Grameen group, who thought to take internet to the rural areas. They established a VCIP (Village Computer & Internet Program) at Modhupur in October 1999. They also established another village Computer and Internet Centre, the same year at Sorishabarhi under Jamalpur district. Though out of the two, Sorishabarhi Centre is not active now, they found it to be successful at Modhupur. With lots of problem in infrastructure, Modhupur created a great amount of awareness among the local people and after 3 years, it is still going on. Grameen took the initiative to Mirzapur and established a Digital Centre in 2000. Though there are a few rural Internet Centre in the country Grameens Centers are playing the pioneering role to spread Internet to the rural people.
1.8.1 Modhupur, Tangail
Grameen's Internet Kiosk at Charhaljani, Modhupur, Tangail around 160 Kilometers from Dhaka is a dial-up facility. It is named as Polli Computer and Internet Kormosuchi (Village Computer & Internet Program). It has 9 Personal Computers, out of which 2 is used for Internet/e-mail usage by the public. None of the user of this centre feels to use browsing at this centre. The centre also provides training in Fundamental of Computer to the local students.
Modhupur is a famous marketplace for Banana and Pineapple. It grows in abundance at the area. Farmers sell at the local market which is than transported to Dhaka for selling in the wholesale market located at Kawran Bazar. Farmers need to know the prices of the Dhaka market. Many transactions are held everyday at Modhupur- in relation to these two products. Grameen's Nazneen Sultana informed us that they established the centre to facilitate the rural people of the area to get the prices of these two products through Internet services. But due to a very high cost of the service, the farmers could not be attracted to the centre. It is also a problem that there is no information in the Web on this market segment. They are rather interested in mobile phone connectivity as that is direct, cheaper and more effective. Initially Grameen was providing the market rates of banana and pineapple through Internet. But subsequently they stopped collecting data and publishing it through the net as people of that centre lost their interest in it.
Modhupur can be developed as a model rural Internet Centre provided only two things are done.
a) Modhupur’s Internet is connected through a Radio Link and the user is not charged with the NWD phone call charges.
b) A dedicated website is developed on the banana and pineapple market, where the information will regularly be updated and published in Bangla.
Recently in an interview with the writer, Nazneen Sultana informed that she is taking initiative to overcome the major problem of connectivity. She is expecting to have a Radio Link with Mymensingh and the problem of NWD charges will than go. People will be getting the same rate as of Mirzapur for browsing. She also confirmed that they are really satisfied with the interest of the people of that locality. She is also willing to create a dedicated website for Banana and Pineapple farmers.
1.8.2 Sarishabarhi, Jamalpur
Grammen was very ambitious at establishing an Internet Centre at Sorishabarhi at Jamalpur district, almost 200 kilometers from Dhaka. It was also called as VCIP (Village Computer and Internet Program). It was active in November 1999. The centre was a huge success. Grameen Phone’s mobile connectivity was used to establish Internet connections. People were very much interested to use the centre for communication and browsing. It was also financially viable. The centre attracted a huge number of young people of the locality. They found it very exciting to browse and to send/receive e-mails. But the centre had to be closed after two years when the political situation of the locality went very bad. Grameen is still of the opinion that the Sorishabarhi is an ideal place to have an Internet Kiosk provided that the law and order situation improves. They will try to reopen the centre if the situations permits.
1.8.3 Mirzapur, Tangail
Grameen's another Kiosk at Mirzapur has got a better facility. It is named as "Grameen Digital Centre". Located at the heart of small town Mirzapur, it has Radio Link with Dhaka and the cost of Internet is lower than that of the capital city. One can browse one hour at taka 15 only (25 US Cents). It has 64KBPS shared bandwidth. Mr. Alamgir, who is running the Centre since its inception said that he could charge so little for providing the Internet facility as he is not paying for the bandwidth to Grameen's head office. As of September 2003, the centre is self sustainable. Apart from the Internet Services, this centre provides training to the local people. Interestingly this centre gives free training to the intending Internet users. We found some young doctors getting training about how to use Internet for their professional purposes. Dr. Bijoy Krishna, a recently joined physician at the local (but famous nationally) Kumudini Hospital was getting his lessons along with his wife on Internet. He was so thrilled at the Websites that he spent double the time allocated to him. In fact he brought his wife after he found it very useful.
This centre also provided connection to 8 users who access Internet from their own PCs, through dialup/dedicated connectivity. One of the users is the local Kumudini Hospital. Mr. Alamgir said that the hospital is using internet from the very beginning of the centre. But Dr. Bijoy Krishana of the same hospital informed us that the doctors or patients are not allowed to use the facility. The Internet at Kumudini Hospital is dedicatedly used for communication purposes by the hospital administration.
Mirzapur is a growing business place at around 60 kilometer from Dhaka. It is an Upazilla which has become a municipality recently. Rice is the major product of the area. Grameen planned this kiosk to provide services to the rice farmers. But the centre is now mostly used by the students, teachers, doctors and young entrepreneurs.
Web browsing and e-mail are very popular in the centre. Young students also chat with their native counterparts. The operators said that the centre has created a huge interest in Internet among the local people. Even this centre has taught hundreds of people to learn about how to use internet. People spend a lot of time in browsing. They are thrilled at the volume of information they can get from a new source. Some students are using this facility to prepare their classes and to acquire knowledge. Most people like to use the e-mail facilities also.
The centre remains crowded all the day. However it becomes more crowded in the evening and on the market day on Friday.
Looking at the overall situation, one can easily identify the great enthusiasm created by the Grameen Digital Centre around the small town of Mirzapur and its surroundings. Centering the Grameen's Digital Centre, a small but important Cyber Community has grown around the area. It is expected that the centre will make significant influence of the lifestyle of the people of this locality.
The problems as described by the users are mainly lack of contents of their choice in their own language-Bangla. However we surveyed and found other relevant problems too.
Most of the users are not very good in English. Even most of them get difficulties to understand the contents published in English. Some people even find it difficult to understand the dialogue boxes and the messages of the operating system and application programs. They also demand that the information published by the govt. should be at least bi-lingual. One Bangla version must be there. People at the rural areas are very much interested to get information of the Govt. bodies and the Govt. Information on weather, land records, local developments, agricultural loans, seeds, fertilizer, are very important for them. Bangladesh Govt. has tried to automate the land records. But it has not yet succeeded. If this govt. can successfully automate the land record system and digitize the maps, it would be of a great interest to the rural people to have that information through Internet. Govt. has started giving information on taxes and some facilities are being available to pay bills.
But that information is not for the rural people. The Ministries of Agricultures and Water Resources can easily provide information through Internet. One of the major interest of the rural people is the activities of the parliamentarians. As the development work at the rural areas are coordinated by the members of the parliament, a website of every member can be of great interest to the rural people.
1.9 Other Kiosk's at District level
There are a good number of Internet Kiosks, named Cyber Cafes in almost all the district towns covered by BTTB and private operators. There are a large number of Cyber Cafes at Dhaka, Chittagong, Sylhet, Khulna, Rajshahi, Barisal and other cities.
We have found that the Kiosks have built a good amount of awareness among the user in the district towns and its sub-urban areas.
The major purposes where this new technology is being used are as follows:
1. Internet Kiosks are used mostly for e-mail purposes. People communicate with their domestic and international counterparts through e-mail.
2. In some areas where relatives of expatriates are large in number, Internet Kiosks are used for International Phone Calls. They use Net2Phone and other VOIP technologies for this purpose. It is understood that VOIP might be very useful for the rural people where they have relatives living aboard. It might turn to be an opportunity for them as the cost of phone calls comes down to around one tenth of the state owned BTTB's rate.
3. People in the Semi-urban areas are interested to do web browsing through internet. It is very popular to the students, teachers, govt. servants and local business peoples. Though govt. servants can not use it for their official purposes, they are delighted to have more information on the subjects of their interests. Most of the users get educational, entertainment, research, business, sports and cultural information from the web.
1.10 Cyber Cafes at Dhaka
Cyber culture in Bangladesh has got its optimum momentum at the capital city of Dhaka. There are a few hundred Cyber Cafes within the city apart from individual users. Most of the Cyber Cafes are well furnished air conditioned facilities with broadband connectivity. Some of them have private cabins with 50 or more computers. Computers are generally networked. Locations of these Cafes are in the main road and on prime locations. Some Cyber Cafes serves snacks and other fast-foods to the clients. Most of them have scanning, CD writing, printing and other facilities. Charges for browsing are from taka 20 to 35 per hour (around 50 US Cents or less). Students form the largest community to use the Cyber Cafes. These places are also good points of socialization. Almost every user have their hotmail e-mail accounts and they spend a lot of time in chatting. Information gathered by the user of these Cyber Cafes range from entertainment, education, sports to socio-cultural-politics matters.
2. Cyber Communities of Bangladesh
The reality about Internet in Bangladesh is that it is confined to the urban, sub-urban & semi urban areas of the country. Metropolitan cities along with district towns & a few small towns have got the Internet connection. Though the availability of this technology has reached the small towns and cities; neither the rural poor nor even the rich farmers are able to use this technology for their need. Dhaka, the capital city has the most Internet users. It is definitely a new way of life in this city to a large number of people. It is possible to find kids playing games in the Internet at Dhaka. It is also possible that a housewife of Dhaka is using Internet to find the best recipes or fashion objects. Students of Dhaka city even spend their time in the Cyber Cafes. It is becoming very popular and its expansion is noteworthy. Teachers have passion to use this technology for their classes and research. Business people use this as the best communication tool. A big Cyber community has developed in Dhaka who can claim to be the real Cyber citizens.
The second biggest commercial capital and port city of Chittagong is also aware of the technology. There are lots of Cyber Cafes there. But it is not like Dhaka. On the other hand the district towns are just testing the technology and are being surprised to see the fruits of it. These cities have limited Internet users. There is a handful of Cyber Cafes in these towns. But those are not so crowded. We are sure that it is going to pickup. In a period of 2-3 years there will be many more Cyber Cafes and home users who will form a big Cyber community in these areas. It is understood that the culture is changing. People of some areas use Internet for IP Telephony as that is much cheaper than the conventional state owned operator’s rate.
We can divide the usage of Internet in Bangladesh into three categories-
a) Urban users based in Dhaka.
b) Urban users at Chittagong, Khulna, Sylhet, Rajshahi and Barisal; the divisional head- quarters & at the district towns.
c) Semi-Urban users at two Upazillas namely Tongi, Modhupur & Mirzapur.
People using Internet at urban and semi-urban areas have a few common purposes like browsing, chatting, messaging, downloading and e-mail. But we have found that the people at small towns are not interested in general browsing. People using Internet at the divisional head quarters spend a lot more time in general browsing. People at the small towns want to have specific information which has some kind of relationship with them
Most people using Internet are bellow 30 years of age and male. We have found only 15% female users. They were also students. No village women were found to even entering the cyber centers. Students are the single largest user group. Young people also use it for communication, education, entertainment and information.
3 Rural Cyber Communities
In our survey of the rural Cyber communities we have found that around 69% user of Internet are male. In the urban areas the percent might go up to 40%. We have also found that the most users of Internet are student and young. The data they look for is definitely to meet their need. Where the usage costs are low, users feel very comfortable in browsing. They have eagerness to have enough data. They are also interested to get information in their own language. If we take the example of Sorishabarhi Village Computer and Internet Centre we can see that the centre was really creating impact on the rural people. It is unfortunate that the centre had to die for political reasons.
Mirzapur is an unique example with a few hundred users being spreading everyday. In a period of two years this centre has made a significant influence in the life of the rural youth. The young Cyber communities are growing virtually without any help from the govt. Even students are not getting support from their institutions. The technology is disseminating very fast as we have found the establishment of two village centers at Dewhata and Hatubhanga.
To our surprise we found that the students who do not earn and dependant on their parents save their pocket money to spend some time in the Internet.
3.1 Internet for the benefit of the rural people.
With a large number of educated people being jobless (about 20 million in the whole country) Internet and other benefits of ICT can be used to create new jobs at the rural areas 22.
As we know that the availability of Internet means the best technology of the world is available at the doorstep of the rural people. ICT service industries like data entry, call centers, medical transcription, web design, multimedia software development can be done at the rural areas. Cheap labors are the biggest benefit for these centers. A rural Multimedia centre at the village Durgapasha under Sunamgonj district has shown the path of such activities. In that centre rural educated youths are given free training and they are engaged in providing services for export oriented ICT services. Experience of Durgapasha can be used in other places.
This center gets export order from overseas to develop Web Pages. Organizers have good connections in the European Union. Particularly they utilize the sympathy of the ethnic community leaving in UK from the area. They started having donations from the expatriates and a school was selected for training up the students of the higher classes. They selected around 50 students of standard IX-X. They were taught Photoshop, Illustrator, Visual Basic, ASP, JAVA, FrontPage, Flash etc. Now they develop WebPages and upload it through Internet. Youths are paid good salaries and the families of these ICT professional are really happy to see that their kids are engaged in hi-tech jobs.
Shompa Reza, one of the organizers of the project says that, Internet is an excellent thing. If there would not be Internet, they could not even think of the project.
These kinds of activities are also important to stop migration of the rural educated youths to the cities. Internet and other ICT Technologies are very important to success of our nation.
A group of young women who have their husbands and other relatives outside the country and even not familiar to the Internet technology are using it for their communication. E-Mail is also an important usage for the rural people. Unfortunately nothing has been done for the farmers.
4. Conclusions and Suggestions
It is the govt. and the private sector that will have to take this unique technology to the poor people of the country. Bangladesh being very much dependant on agriculture and rural areas, it will have to provide information and create a network of the rural people for the development of the country. It will also help to develop economy of the rural areas. Boosting the agriculture production, connecting the administrative bodies, linking the educational institutions, and creating job opportunities will be the major benefits of taking Internet to the rural areas of Bangladesh.
We understand it is not an easy task. Creating infrastructure, educating people and providing contents in their own language of the rural people are the key challenges.
a. Infrastructure
First of all we can utilize the presently available infrastructures like the fiber optics backbone of Railway and BTTB to create the network. Radio Links can also be used in remote areas. Mobile phone networks can be a good choice for Internet connectivity.
b. Educating People
Bangladesh has got a good number of small Computer Training Centers. There are a large number DTP houses also. These centers can be utilized for educating people to use Internet. These centers will also be able to give service to the rural people. Schools can also be used for training the people. Students can help the rural people to find information and send/receive e-mails.
c. Development of Contents
Development of contents in Bangla is not also a big problem. With the new technologies like Windows XP & Unicode, local language can be used for domain names too. A planned effort to develop contents on specific sector can help in providing information to the rural people. Information of the Govt and its bodies should be in Bangla.
d. Job creation
But the real benefit can be achieved by creating job opportunities. Durgapasha, a village in Sunamgonj district has proved that rural youth can be trained and utilized for ICT enabled services. If a large number of Durgapasha can be created, people will not have to come to the urban areas in search of jobs. Bangladesh has been very successful in using the uneducated young girls by training them to work in the Readymade Garments sectors. Internet facilities can give the same benefit to the educated young girls and boys of the rural areas. One of the advantages of ICT is that it is not to be located in an industrial zone or urban area. By having a VSAT or any other connection any village can be a hub of international communication.
There is Internet in Bangladesh’s main cities. Internet is also penetrating in the sub urban and semi urban areas of the country. We shall have to take this technology to the rural areas. We shall have to remember that 85% people of the country are still in the rural areas. If Internet can not reach them, Bangladesh can not prosper.
Footnotes: 1. www.drik.net , 2. Shafkat Haider, Director, BASIS, 3. The Daily Jugantar, 12th September 2003., 4. The Daily Jonokontho, 22 Septemebr 2003, P-10., 5. SM, Iqbal, Managing Director, ISN. , 6. www.bangla.net 22 September 2003., 7. www.bttb.net, 12 September 2003., 8. www.grameen.com, 20 September 2003, 9. Habibullah N. Karim, President BASIS and President, Technohaven Co. Ltd., 10.http://www.ispabd.org. ISP ASSOCIATION OF BANGLADESH (INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERS ASSOCIATION OF BANGLADESH) is located at 52 New Eskaton Road, TMC Building (1st Fl.) Dhaka-1000. Phone: 9129944, Fax: 9127721, E-mail: info@ispa.org.bd, Web: www.ispabd.org., 11. www.bangla.net 22 September 2003., 12. www.bangla.net 22 September 2003., 13. Akteruzzaman Monju, President, ISPAB., 14. Circular No BTRC/Commission/Circular/ 2002/421 of Bangladesh Telecom Regulatory Commission. It is located at House No 10, Road No 135, Gulshan-1, Dhaka-1212. Mr. Margub Murshed is the present chairman. BTRC's circular no 2002-421 has been signed by Mr. Md. Abdul Halim (Phone No+8802-9893887) which has been effected from 01 January 2003. , 15. Mr. Margub Murshed, Chairman, BTRC, Dhaka. 16. The Daily Ittefaq, 28 September 2003, P1 & 3. 17. www.grameen.com, 20 September 2003.
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Thomson CS 600 Kompaktanlage silber/ blau
Olympus µ 1030SW Digitalkamera (10 Megapixel, 3,6-fach opt. Zoom, 2,7" Display; bis 10m wasserdicht) in Platinum Silver
Canon MVX450 miniDV Camcorder
Sony DCR-SR52 Camcorder (Festplatte, 30GB, 25-fach opt. Zoom, 2,7" Display)
BRAUN / GILETTE Braun Toaster HT 450 BK Farbe: schwarz
A4Tech PK-336MB PC Kamera WEB 640 x 480 schwarz
MP4 2000 FM 4GB
Laurastar Evolution G4
Panasonic TH-37PX80EA 37 Zoll / 94 cm 16:9 "HD-Ready" Plasma-Fernseher Klavierlack-schwarz
Samsung ML-3050 Laserdrucker
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Wholesale jewelry
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25 Feb : 01:51
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Guest
Registered: 01 Jan : 17:00
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hankjmatt
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13 Mar : 00:10
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Guest
Registered: 01 Jan : 17:00
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Cost of the total project for Bangladesh is estimated to be Taka 3000 million 4. However the fiber optic cable line to connect Chittagong with Coxsbazar is yet to be finalized. Without this cable connection whole country except Coxsbazar will not be able to be connected with the SEA-ME-WE4. On the other hand policy of utilization of the fiber optics backbone is yet to be formulated.
dll , dll files
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lawtalk
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21 Apr : 13:57
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Guest
Registered: 01 Jan : 17:00
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It is amazing that the internet continues to grow across the world - Los Angeles DUI attorney
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abcd
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21 Apr : 20:34
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Guest
Registered: 01 Jan : 17:00
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nonnon
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10 May : 00:42
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Guest
Registered: 01 Jan : 17:00
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SEO対策
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nonnon
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26 May : 01:40
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Guest
Registered: 01 Jan : 17:00
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ashirth
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04 Jun : 12:44
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Guest
Registered: 01 Jan : 17:00
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hi friends...
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yiwu
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12 Jun : 12:37
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Guest
Registered: 01 Jan : 17:00
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Cheap wholesale direct from China wholesalers. www.Yiwu.hk: discount wholesale, your one stop wholesale source.
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steven605
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27 Oct : 20:34
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Guest
Registered: 01 Jan : 17:00
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AVCHD Converter,
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Convert M2T to AVI Files,
Convert M2TS,
TS Converter,
TP Converter,
TRP Converter,
MTS Converter,
TOD Converter,
MOD Converter
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jessic
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29 Oct : 04:01
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Guest
Registered: 01 Jan : 17:00
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MOD File Converter is a powerful .mod converter tool to convert video file format MOD to all popular video formats like AVI, MPG, WMV, FLV, MP4, MOV, etc. It can also function as JVC MOD converter to convert JVC MOD files. If you are looking for free MOD converter download, or wonder how to convert MOD format, this MOD Converter will be your best choice.
This Free AMV Converter is a free amv converter Video to AMV Converter and AMV Player that can convert Video to AMV, DVD, AVI, WMV, MP4 to AMV Converter
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jessic
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02 Nov : 21:53
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Guest
Registered: 01 Jan : 17:00
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All elements in the source PowerPoint can be retained by PowerPoint to DVD Converter, you can specify the slide intervals of each chapter, add song as background music or record your voice as narrations, specify NTSC or PAL standard, 4:3 or 16:9 aspect ratio, add logo to output video and create stylish DVD menu with ready templates, and more considerate settings.<a href="http://www.powerpointtoavi.com/">PowerPoint to AVI Converter</a>,<a href="http://www.powerpointtodvd.net/">PowerPoint to DVD Converter</a>, <a href="http://www.powerpointtoavi.com/wondershare-ppt-to-video.html">PPT to Video</a>,<a href="http://www.powerpointtodvd.net/powerpoint-presentation-to-dvd-converter.html">PowerPoint Presentation to DVD Converter</a>, <a href="http://www.powerpointtodvd.net/powerpoint-to-dvd-burner.html">PowerPoint to DVD Burner</a>, <a href="http://www.powerpointtodvd.net/powerpoint-to-dvd-maker.html">PowerPoint to DVD Maker</a>
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jessic
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02 Nov : 21:56
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Guest
Registered: 01 Jan : 17:00
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All elements in the source PowerPoint can be retained by PowerPoint to DVD Converter, you can specify the slide intervals of each chapter, add song as background music or record your voice as narrations, specify NTSC or PAL standard, 4:3 or 16:9 aspect ratio, add logo to output video and create stylish DVD menu with ready templates, and more considerate settings.PowerPoint to AVI Converter,
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bony
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07 Nov : 03:44
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Guest
Registered: 01 Jan : 17:00
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MOD File Converter,
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jessic
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12 Nov : 03:42
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Guest
Registered: 01 Jan : 17:00
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Powerful video editing functions are also available in SWF Converter Mac], such as merging, clipping, splitting, cropping, deinterlacing, and selecting zoom mode, etc. Free download it and easily create your personalized videos.
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CD to iPod Ripper],YouTube to iPod Ripper],iPod to Computer Ripper], MP3 to SWF Converter Mac],AVI to SWF Converter Mac],FLV to SWF Converter Mac]
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shaomiaoshelley
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01 Dec : 02:36
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Guest
Registered: 01 Jan : 17:00
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shaomiaoshelley
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02 Dec : 03:04
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Guest
Registered: 01 Jan : 17:00
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iPod Touch Converter for Mac,
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iPod Touch Transfer for Mac
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shaomiaoshelley
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03 Dec : 03:40
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Guest
Registered: 01 Jan : 17:00
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H264 Converter,
H264 Converter for Mac,
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shaomiaoshelley
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30 Dec : 06:13
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Guest
Registered: 01 Jan : 17:00
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iPod to Mac Transfer,
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iPod Photo Transfer for Mac,
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bony
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30 Dec : 20:57
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Guest
Registered: 01 Jan : 17:00
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BDMV Converter for Mac is a professional Mac audio converter and also a video to audio converter for Mac. It can convert between all audio formats with super conversion speed and high output quality.
M4V to M4A Converter for Mac,FLV to M4A Converter for Mac,
The best M4A Converter Mac enables you to do a lot editing about your output audio file
MP4 to M4A Converter for Mac,MOV to M4A Converter for Mac,AVI to M4A Converter for Mac,MPEG to M4A Converter for Mac,
BDMV Converter for Mac, is a all-in-one video converter with perfect output quality and high conversion speed for Mac users. The powerful video converter, can easily and quickly convert BDMV to any video or audio formats you want
BDMV to DVD Converter for Mac,BDMV to WMV Converter for Mac,BDMV to MOV Converter for Mac,BDMV Creator for Mac
MP3 to M4A Converter for Mac,
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FLAC to M4A Converter for Mac,
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bony
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06 Jan : 01:36
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Guest
Registered: 01 Jan : 17:00
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Sony Ericsson Converter,
3GP Sony Ericsson Converter,
MP4 Sony Ericsson Converter,
Sony Ericsson Ringtone Converter,
AMR Sony Ericsson Converter,
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Sony Ericsson Mobile Phone Converter,
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Sony Ericsson Walkman Converter,
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bony
|
09 Jan : 02:06
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Guest
Registered: 01 Jan : 17:00
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QuickTime Converter Mac is an excellent Mac QuickTime converter tool to help you convert QuickTime video to other video formats and converter videos of any format to QuickTime MOV videos on Mac OS.
QuickTime Converter for Mac features abundant supported formats, fast conversion speed, powerful video editing functions and intuitive interface.
QuickTime Converter for Mac
QuickTime Converter for Mac General,
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Mac QuickTime to iPod Converter,
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steven605
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30 Jan : 19:09
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Guest
Registered: 01 Jan : 17:00
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MOD Converter for Mac,
Convert MOD to MP4 for Mac,
Convert MOD to MOV for Mac,
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MOD Converter for Windows,
FLV Converter for Mac,
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FLV to M4A Mac,
FLV to AAC Mac,
FLV to AVI Mac
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jessic
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12 May : 18:54
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Guest
Registered: 01 Jan : 17:00
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M4A Converter is a professional software which can support converting between many audio formats and M4A format. You can also use it to extract audio tracks from videos and convert to M4A.
If you want to burn your favorite videos to Blu-ray disc, and create Blu-ray DVD for playback on Blu-ray players, you need a professional video to Blu-ray burner tool, this Blu-ray DVD Creator is exactly this kind of software, which supports all popular video formats and HD videos recorded by camcorders.
MP3 to M4A Converter,AMR to M4A Converter,M4P to M4A Converter,WMA to M4A Converter,AVI to M4A Converter,MP4 to M4A Converter,FLV to M4A Converter
DivX to Blu-ray Creator,M2TS to Blu-ray Creator,WMV to Blu-ray Creator,MOV to Blu-ray Creator,Xvid to Blu-ray Creator,VOB to Blu-ray Creator
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steven605
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13 Jan : 19:59
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Guest
Registered: 01 Jan : 17:00
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If you want to put some movies and songs with different formats on your portable player, the <a href="http://www.quicktimeconverterformac.net/">QuickTime Converter for Mac </a> is the best choice for you. Not only because of its powerful conversion function, but its compatibility with almost all the popular video or audio players, such as iPod Touch, iPod Nano, iPod Classic, iPhone, Apple TV, PSP, Zune, Creative Zen Vision, Archos, iRiver, HP iPAQ, General Pocket PC, Black Berry, Xbox360, PS3, Youtube, Mobile Phone.
However,the another <a href="http://www.macquicktimeconverter.com/">QuickTime Converter for Mac</a> have almost functions,Almost all video and audio formats are perfectly supported by QuickTime Converter for Mac, and it allows you to adjust the video and audio encoding settings to get output videos suitable for various portable players.
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steven605
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13 Jan : 19:59
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Guest
Registered: 01 Jan : 17:00
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If you want to put some movies and songs with different formats on your portable player, the QuickTime Converter for Mac is the best choice for you. Not only because of its powerful conversion function, but its compatibility with almost all the popular video or audio players, such as iPod Touch, iPod Nano, iPod Classic, iPhone, Apple TV, PSP, Zune, Creative Zen Vision, Archos, iRiver, HP iPAQ, General Pocket PC, Black Berry, Xbox360, PS3, Youtube, Mobile Phone.
However,the another QuickTime Converter for Mac have almost functions,Almost all video and audio formats are perfectly supported by QuickTime Converter for Mac, and it allows you to adjust the video and audio encoding settings to get output videos suitable for various portable players.
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Poll: Will monopoly of the distribution of bandwidth from the first-ever Bangladesh submarine-cable help in lowering Internet bandwidth prices?
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Guests: 5, Members: 0 ...
most ever online: : 121
(members: 0, guests: 121) on 08 May : 15:50
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You must be logged in to post comments on this site - please either log in or if you are not registered click here to signup
 asif31 Dec : 10:23 voip shob deshe jodi easy ar legal hoy, tahole amra ki alien naki? gu kheye boro hoisi? amader deshe koti taka lage keno ar illegal keno?
asif31 Dec : 10:22 voip shob deshe jodi easy ar legal hoy, tahole amra ki alien naki? gu kheye boro hoisi? amader deshe koti taka lage kenjo ar illegal keno?
Mostafiz15 Jun : 11:04 Hello! I need a Telecommunication/ ISP Professional who will be expert in knowledge of Telecommunication, specially VSAT, RF, familiar with TDM/TDMA VSAT, DVB RCS product SCPC Modem. Can anybody hep me finding an expert of such professional/
ispsarethieves25 Jan : 00:29 which mobile company's internet gives highest speed, other than zoom?
rajronju04 Nov : 12:40 "GP fined Tk 168cr for illegal VoIP operation"
why that news had not published any reputed daily newspaper?
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jessic on 18 May : 01:34
[thread: How to convert the TS file to common formats and enjoy on our players?]
ts format is a high definition container format, [more ...]
steven605 on 11 May : 01:45
[thread: Photo Slideshow to DVD for Mother's Day]
-link- free is an all-in-one and easy-to-use sl[more ...]
steven605 on 08 May : 00:29
[thread: Stephen Gordon Hendry—the Immortal Legand]
Billiards emperor Stephen Hendry had announced hi[more ...]
steven605 on 08 May : 00:28
[thread: Stephen Gordon Hendry—the Immortal Legand]
Billiards emperor Stephen Hendry had announced hi[more ...]
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